"how then doth he now see?" - What to do in Heaven

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What to do in Heaven

One of notable Japanese Christian thinkers, Kanzo Uchimura (1861-1930), once wrote about what believers would do in Heaven after their death.

The most important issue for a man is whether he is given eternal life or not.  So, I think not many believers think what to do after they enter Heaven.  Even Christ Jesus did not specify a life after one's death in Heaven.

To think about this issue, first of all, we have to believe survival of our spirits after biological death of ourselves.  Some people think that no soul will survive after death; hence our minds and spirits will be lost forever with death of our bodies.   Logically, they don't admit God and Heaven.

However, there is no scientific proof that our consciousness will be lost forever along with extinction of our biological life.  Essentially, we cannot explain how our mind is generated and how our thinking is made possible in our head.  There is a great gap between our existence as a spiritual entity and as a living thing.  And it looks almost impossible for us to scientifically explain this supernatural phenomenon.  

As some Islamic terrorists abuse the concept of Heaven to recruit a suicide bomber, we have to be careful in dealing with this topic.   First we are not expected to enter Heaven by killing ourselves, but we are requested by God to live a righteous life to be eventually admitted to Heaven.  However, it is important for us to consider existence of Heaven.

In the teaching of Christ, Heaven seems to be perceived by us as the Kingdom of God.  Christ Jesus said that the Kingdom comes to us though we cannot see it.  It must mean we will be in the Kingdom of God while we are living an ordinary life.  And in our ordinary life what we cannot see is our mind and heart.  It means it is our mind and heart that enters the Kingdom of God that must lead to Heaven.

I think that this material universe was created by God so as to make human beings live on the earth.  The human beings were expected initially to live in accordance with the great intention and plan of God.  He must want us to understand and praise Him while living on a planet, called the earth, at a corner of this great universe.  Therefore, even after our death, we are expected to understand and praise God in Heaven.

Indeed, this material universe is built so exquisitely.  The universe is governed with some physical constants:

Constant	Symbol	Value
acceleration due to gravity	g	9.8 m s-2
atomic mass unit	amu, mu or u	1.66 x10-27 kg
Avogadro's Number	N	6.022 x 1023 mol-1
Bohr radius	a0	0.529 x 10-10 m
Boltzmann constant	k	1.38 x 10-23 J K-1
electron charge to mass ratio	-e/me	-1.7588 x 1011 C kg-1
electron classical radius	re	2.818 x 10-15 m
electron mass energy (J)	mec2	8.187 x 10-14 J
electron mass energy (MeV)	mec2	0.511 MeV
electron rest mass	me	9.109 x 10-31 kg
Faraday constant	F	9.649 x 104 C mol-1
fine-structure constant	α	7.297 x 10-3
gas constant	R	8.314 J mol-1 K-1
gravitational constant	G	6.67 x 10-11 Nm2kg-2
neutron mass energy (J)	mnc2	1.505 x 10-10 J
neutron mass energy (MeV)	mnc2	939.565 MeV
neutron rest mass	mn	1.675 x 10-27 kg
neutron-electron mass ratio	mn/me	1838.68
neutron-proton mass ratio	mn/mp	1.0014
permeability of a vacuum	μ0	4π x 10-7 N A-2
permittivity of a vacuum	ε0	8.854 x 10-12 F m-1
Planck constant	h	6.626 x 10-34 J s
proton mass energy (J)	mpc2	1.503 x 10-10 J
proton mass energy (MeV)	mpc2	938.272 MeV
proton rest mass	mp	1.6726 x 10-27 kg
proton-electron mass ratio	mp/me	1836.15
Rydberg constant	r∞	1.0974 x 107 m-1
speed of light in vacuum	C	2.9979 x 108 m/s

http://chemistry.about.com/od/chartstables/a/constanttable.htm


If  these values were a little different, or unstable and variable, this material universe cannot be possible.  There would be no fixed stars, no galaxies, no sun, no earth, and no living things.  Everything in this universe can be in a chaos state.  Even light might change its speed every moment, and gravity could change its value randomly.  It is also so mysterious that there exists no conditions that would allow an electron to move freely in space without being bound to an atomic nucleus, thus, making impossible the formation of an atom.  Without atoms, there would be no stars and no human beings in this universe.

The great order of the physical universe suggests that the universe was well planned and created by God.  Then, we must be expected to live according to his will, so that our souls would advance to Heaven.

So, we are expected to understand and praise God in Heaven more than we are doing in this world.    

http://tomstuart.org/2010/07/15/nothing-can-separate-us-from-gods-love/





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Joh 9:18 But the Jews did not believe concerning him, that he had been blind, and received his sight, until they called the parents of him that had received his sight.
Joh 9:19 And they asked them, saying, Is this your son, who ye say was born blind? how then doth he now see?
Joh 9:20 His parents answered them and said, We know that this is our son, and that he was born blind:

"Shem, and Ham, and Japheth" - Mark Twain, the Symbolic American Resistance to Judaism

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Mark Twain, the Symbolic American Resistance to Judaism

New York and Los Angeles are just parts of the US, though so influential on the world.

But, the the Mississippi is what allows the US to be the master of North America.  Hence, Mark Twain (1835-1910), linked with the great river, is the national author for the US.  He represents a key spirit of America.  And, Mark Twain did not like to see Judaists prevailing in the US.  It is as if one of inevitable spiritual reactions of resistance to the destiny of America receiving Judaists in a large scale.

In other words, God has decided to give America or at least some part of America to Judaists or descendants Hebrews as their new home.  But, spirits of Christians whose ancestors had first reached and landed on America around 1500 had some complaints about, and put up a resistance to, the decision of God, which seems to be represented by Mark Twain who visited Palestine in 1867.

A 31-year-old Mark Twain joined a tour to Europe and the Holy Land in 1867.  Mark Twain was virtually unknown as the "Quaker City" sailed out of New York harbor with no celebrities on board.  But she returned with The Great American Humorist.  Many of Twain’s dispatches to New York and San Francisco newspapers poked fun at his fellow travelers, as well as at the natives.  The tips below are adapted from Twain’s best selling The Innocents Abroad, published in 1869. 

Of all the lands there are for dismal scenery, I think Palestine must be the prince.  The hills are barren, they are dull of color, they are unpicturesque in shape.  The valleys are unsightly deserts fringed with a feeble vegetation that has an expression about it of being sorrowful and despondent.  

The Dead Sea and the Sea of Galilee sleep in the midst of a vast stretch of hill and plain wherein the eye rests upon no pleasant tint, no striking object, no soft picture dreaming in a purple haze or mottled with the shadows of the clouds.  Every outline is harsh, every feature is distinct, there is no perspective--distance works no enchantment here.  It is a hopeless, dreary, heart-broken land.
http://www.itsgila.com/marktwaintips.htm


Quoting Mark Twain out of context on Palestine
Posted on May 23, 2002 

Introduction
Mark Twain's visit to Lebanon, Syria, and the Holy Land in 1867 was published in "The Innocents Abroad", where he described Palestine as follows:
"..... A desolate country whose soil is rich enough, but is given over wholly to weeds... a silent mournful expanse.... a desolation.... we never saw a human being on the whole route.... hardly a tree or shrub anywhere. Even the olive tree and the cactus, those fast friends of a worthless soil, had almost deserted the country."
 (The Innocents Abroad, p. 361-362) 

This quote has been widely circulated in Israeli text books, media outlets,
and many Jewish communities around the world as FACTS about
Palestine. As we will prove below, this quote was taken out of context to portray Palestine as "empty, destitute, and a barren desert", of course until Israeli and Zionist Jews "made" its desert bloom.
http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Articles/Story845.html


Mark Twain and the Jews 

Copyright © 1993 by Bob Michael 

Mark Twain was another writer whose work on the Jews was filled with antisemitic stereotypes.[1] Providing an insight into the origins of his anti-Jewish feelings, Twain wrote: "I was raised to a prejudice against Jews--Christians always are, you know--but such as I had was in my head, there wasn't any in my heart."[2] In Hannibal, Missouri, where Twain grew up, the children were subjected to antisemitism in public and Sunday school, the town newspapers, and many, no doubt, by their parents.[3] In November 1853, a sixteen-year-old Twain wrote from Philadelphia that the Jewish presence had "desecrated" two historic homes there. And in a newspaper article of 10 April 1857 he asserted that "the blasted Jews got to adulterating the fuel." Although he later indicated that his experience taught him that Jews were not the evil characters he had been taught as a child, in 1879 he observed that "the Jews are the only race who work wholly with their brains and never with their hands. . . . They are peculiarly and conspicuously the world's intellectual aristocracy." In other words, he still stereotyped Jews, ignoring the realities of impoverished Jews and exploited Jewish labor in American cities.[4] 

In his famous essay, "Concerning the Jews,"[5] written in 1898 and first published in _Harper's Monthly_ in September 1899, Twain claimed to be free of antisemitism and to be writing in defense of Jews.[6] Although he praised the Jews for their charity, close family life, hard work, and "genius,"[7] he repeated the slander that the Jews had an "unpatriotic disinclination to stand by the flag as a soldier."[8] (Up to 10,000 Jews may have fought in the Civil War--a much higher proportion than their percentage of the general population.[9]) His solution was for regiments of Jews and Jews only to enlist in the army so as to prove false the charge that "you feed on a country but don't like to fight for it."[10] In reaction to angry letters from American Jews who read the essay, Twain retracted this statement in a postscript and noted that despite having to endure American antisemitism, Jews fought widely and bravely in America's wars. Therefore, "that slur upon the Jew cannot hold up its head in presence of the figures of the War Department."[11]
http://www.twainweb.net/filelist/jews.html

Now the United States has an African-American President, but he looks like the first and also last President from his race.

However, when the US has the first American-Judaist President, many from his race will probably take the presidency one after another to eventually make the US a country led by Judaists.

I think it is reasonable: the U.S. of America where there is no distinction between American Christians and American Judaists.   This must be what God planned around 1500 when Columbus opened a new era as he reached part of America.



   


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Gen 9:17 And God said unto Noah, This is the token of the covenant, which I have established between me and all flesh that is upon the earth.
Gen 9:18 And the sons of Noah, that went forth of the ark, were Shem, and Ham, and Japheth: and Ham is the father of Canaan.
Gen 9:19 These are the three sons of Noah: and of them was the whole earth overspread.
Gen 9:20 And Noah began to be an husbandman, and he planted a vineyard:

"new wine into old bottles" - Herman Melville in Jerusalem

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Herman Melville in Jerusalem

Herman Melville traveled a land later called the nation Israel in 1856.  What did he see and think about?

It can be found in Clarel, a Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land (1876).

Herman Melville, the Jew and Judaism  

LOUISE ABBIE MAY0  

Nineteenth-century American literature, derivative from British conventions to a great extent, tended to present Jewish characters in the molds of accepted stereotypes. The Jew was Shylock, the usurious old villain; Rebecca, the beautiful Jewess; or Sheva, the benevolent Jew and institutionalized countermyth to Shylock. Herman Melville is the only major American writer in the nineteenth century to include a seriouus consideration of Jews and Judaism in one of his works-Clarel.
...

In his journal he comments, "In the emptiness of the lifeless antiquity of Jerusalem, the emigrant Jews are like flies that have taken up their abode in a skull." He dismisses dreams of setting up a nation of Jewish farmers in Palestine. "In the first place, Judea is a desert. . . . In the second . . . . the Jews hate farming . . . Besides the numbers of Jews in Palestine is comparatively small. And how are the hosts of them scattered in other lands to be brought here? Only by a miracle."17 Clarel, however, cannot help but respond to the sight of pilgrims by the Wailing Wall, shut out from the gate by the Turks.

With sighs and groans, they cry, "To be restored! We wait, long wait." They live in Palestine in dismal poverty. Groups hang out in the streets with nothing to do at home. How can they live and get enough bread to survive? In surprisingly modern solutions: "In almost every country known, rich Israelites these kinsmen own: the hat goes round the world."'

In many ways Clarel is remarkable for a time when Jewish characters were presented as pleasant or unpleasant stereotypes and when Judaism was viewed as an exotic Oriental faith. Here, Judaism, Jewish customs and characters are intertwined with Clarel's search for faith, although they are not central to the book.
http://americanjewisharchives.org/publications/journal/PDF/1976_28_02_00_mayo.pdf

The tragedy of European Judaists during WWII had changed the landscape literally in terms of the fate of Judaists and Palestine.  Hitler and Nazis came out of a corner of the world that had nothing to do with Melville's world.  Nonetheless, Melville must have sensed something prophetic in Jerusalem.

The Turk permits the tribes to creep
Abject in rear of those dumb stones,
To lean or kneel, lament and weep;
Sad mendicants shut out from gate
Inexorable. Sighs and groans:
To be restored! we wait, long wait! 

http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Clarel/Part_1/Canto_16

Returning to Palestine and Jerusalem doesn't seem to promise glory to Judaists even when the great and unique author visited Jerusalem in 1856.

Rather, Judaists must have changed their minds to listen to a new instruction from YHWH.  And it must be "Move to America!"  It is so, since the US seems to have been  the only nation that had authors who loved the Old Testament like Herman Melville even in the late 19th century.   

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Mat 9:17 Neither do men put new wine into old bottles: else the bottles break, and the wine runneth out, and the bottles perish: but they put new wine into new bottles, and both are preserved.

"the number of the army of the horsemen were" - The Change in Status of Judaists around 1500

Around Tokyo

The Change in Status of Judaists around 1500

As I have asserted often the world changed the most significantly around 1500 in the latest.

It started the era of Columbus, Martin Luther, and Copernicus, paving the way for the emergence, deployment, and expansion of Protestantism, the Scientific Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, and as far as the American Democracy.

But how were Judaists influenced by this great surge of changes in the human history?

Timeline of Jewish History in Italy | Jewish Virtual Library

1429 — Pope Martin enacts bull providing a sweeping measure of protection of the Jews, which remains largely unenforced 

1437 — Cosimo de Medici, the Elder, grants the first formal charter to the Jews of Florence for moneylending 

1442 — Pope Eugenius IV issues an edict prohibiting: building of synagogues, money-lending for interest, holding public office, testifying against Christians. Jews respond by meeting in Tivoli and Ravenna, with no success; causes them to move to other areas of Italy 

1459 —Fra Mauro (a converted Jew) prepares a map placing Jerusalem at the center of the world, a practice which was discontinued by the late Renaissance 

1462 — Establishment of "Monti di pieta," pity funds, by Franciscans to offer interest-free loans in direct competition with Jewish money-lenders; Jews lose business, and are therefore subject to expulsion 

1464 —-92 — Lorenzo Il Magnifico, becomes the protector of Florentine Jews, supporting Jewish scholarship, Talmudic studies and medicine, and guaranteeing favorable living conditions to the Jewish community. Oversees the "Golden Age of Florence," in which there is much interaction between Christians and Jews.
Chair of Hebrew established at the University of Bologna; revival of Hebrew study for theological considerations and secular interest in antiquity become characteristics of the Italian Renaissance 

1468 —Joseph ben Meshullam writes a satire which supports rationalism over mysticism, supertitious customs and pilpul, the method of Talmudic study gaining popularity 

1471 — Secularization of papacy leaves Jews in central and northern Italy free of persecution. Protection of Jewish life, property and business affairs also guaranteed 

1473 — First two Hebrew presses established in Calabria and Pieva da Saca. Others founded in Mantua and Naples 

1475 — Judah Messer Leon--rabbi, scholar, man of letters, writes book on Hebrew style applying rhetoric derived from Greek and Latin authors 

1480 — Soncino family begins establishing Hebrew presses throughout Italy and in Constantinople and Salonika 

1488 — First complete edition of Hebrew Bible printed I Soncino, Italy, by Abraham ben Hayyim 

1491 — Jews of Ravenna expelled, synagogues destroyed; instigated by Franciscan and Dominican friars whose goal was expulsion of all Jews from Italy – Perugia-1485, Gubbio-1486. . . 

R. Elijah Delmedigo holds chair in Philosophy at University of Padua and is a major influence on Pico della Mirandola, a Florentine philosopher/poet (1463-1494)
Population of Italy: 12,000,000; Jews: 80,000 (100% increase in 100 years) 

1492 — Sicily and Sardinia, as territories ruled by Spain, expel their Jews. The majority of refugees from the Spanish expulsion head for Portugal and Italy, specifically Venice, Leghorn and Rome, where they are protected by the pope 

1494 — France invades Italy; Jews of Florence and Tuscany expelled when the Medici fall from power; they return in 1513 — and bring the Jews back with them 

1495 — Charles VIII of France occupies Kingdom of Naples, bringing new persecution against the Jews, many of whom went there as refugees from Spain. Jews will be expelled from Naples in 1510 —and again in 1541 

1496 — Pico della Mirandola develops a Christian notion of Kabbalah, based on his interaction with Jewish contemporaries and Jewish texts. He attempts to confirm the truth of the Christian religion from the foundations of Jewish Kabbalah 

1500 — Disputation in Ferrara between Christians and Abraham Farrisol of Avignon. R. Asher Lemlein, a false messiah, preaches in N. Italy on repentence and messiah. Of Ashkenazic origin, his ideas travel to Germany. Even among Christians, 1500 is a ‘year of repentance" 

1510 — King Ferdinand of Spain defeats the French I Naples and establishes it as the largest principality in Italy; expels majority of Jews living south of Rome; expelled again in 1541 — 

1513 — Machiavelli writes "The Prince" 

1515 — Edict of expulsion in Naples extends to ‘New Christians’ 

1516 — Establishment of ghetto (foundry) in Venice as a place of confinement for Jews, whose goal is to gain maximum economic advantage from the Jews’ presence (including taxes), while ensuring minimal social contact with population. Generalization of term to include all enclosed quarters of Jews in Europe 

1517 — Daniel Bomberg, first Christian merchant to found a Hebrew printing press, prints Hebrew Bible with commentaries by Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Kimchi, Geronides and Babylonian and Palestinian Talmuds for the first time 

1524 — The old established Jewish families of Rome come to terms with the trasmontani- newcomers from France and Germany, who were previously not accepted into Jewish leadership in Italy (see four synagogues in Venice). Roman Jewish self-government is now shared by Italian, Sicilian, Spanish and German Jews
First Jewish cosmography written – charts Biblical places ans well as new route to India and Islands of the New World
David Ruveni, claiming to be a messenger of king of the Lost Tribes, appears before Pope Clement VII and proposes a treaty between Jews and Christians against Muslims; later dies as a prisoner in Spain 

1529 — Scuola Grande Tedesca, oldest synagogue in Venice opens-Ashkenazic

1531 — Scuola Canton, also Ashkenazic  

1538 — Scuola Levantina 

1555 — Scuola Spagnola, largest in Venice 

1575 — Scuola Italiana. All the synagogues are unrecognizable from the outside, with magnificent interiors. Q-Why four synagogues in one square in 45 years? 

1531 — Earliest Jewish play in Europe: Italian historian mentions a Purim play he witnessed in the Venice ghetto. Plays with biblical themes are popular in Europe 

1532 — Jacob Azulai, Padua, is the first known Jewish artist to make a majolica Seder Plate. Later displayed in Jewish Museum in Vienna 

1535 — Judah Abrabanel writes "Dialogues about Love," in Rome. This neoplatonic treatise by a leading philosopher of the Renaissance becomes a classic 

1537-70 — The rule of Cosimo I of Florence ushers in a renewed era of growth and prosperity for the Jews, with restored Medici favor and protection 

1541 — Venetian Senate grants Levantine Jews permission to reside in Venice, as a result of the increased participation of Sephardic Jews in Balkan commerce; and is an attempt by Italian princes to fill their coffers at the expense of local interests (rights were granted for the financial benefit to Christian rulers, not to improve Jews’ lot) 

Elijah Levita publishes a Hebrew grammar book explaining 712 Hebrew words; significant because it has Latin translations, showing cross-cultural knowledge
Jews expelled from Naples; readmitted in 1735 

1551 — Grand Duke of Tuscany issues charter to attract Sephardic Jewish merchants from Balkans to Pisa. They trade using routes through Ancona and Pesaro 

1553 — Convinced that the Talmud attacks Christianity, Pope Julius III burns thousands of volumes of Talmud in Rome, Bologna, Ferrara,Venice and Mantua. 

1554 —A delegation of Italian Jews meets in Ferrara to discuss the banning of the Talmud. They adopt a rabbinic ordinance, recognized by the government, which establishes an internal control over the printing of Hebrew books. Similar rules are later adopted in Padua, Poland, Frankfurt and Amsterdam. 

1555 — Pope Paul IV issues bull, cum nimis absurdum, bringing religious and economic restrictions to the papal lands, requiring all Jews to live in ghettos and restricting economic relations with Christians to the selling of used clothes.

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/italytime.html    

The change in situations of Judaists could be clearly observed through the following events:

1429 — Pope Martin enacts bull providing a sweeping measure of protection of the Jews, which remains largely unenforced 

1491 — Jews of Ravenna expelled, synagogues destroyed; instigated by Franciscan and Dominican friars whose goal was expulsion of all Jews from Italy – Perugia-1485, Gubbio-1486. . . 

1492 — Sicily and Sardinia, as territories ruled by Spain, expel their Jews. The majority of refugees from the Spanish expulsion head for Portugal and Italy, specifically Venice, Leghorn and Rome, where they are protected by the pope  

1555 — Pope Paul IV issues bull, cum nimis absurdum, bringing religious and economic restrictions to the papal lands, requiring all Jews to live in ghettos and restricting economic relations with Christians to the selling of used clothes.

So, it is apparent that the changes were brought about by the Vatican and its followers.  It seems that European Christians came to alienate Judaists following the anti-Judaist policy the Vatican took around 1500 while the Catholic authority was being accused of its corruption by Martin Luther and other Protestants.

It may be natural to think that corruption of the Vatican has been linked with Vatican's hostility to Judaists.

It should be noted that Mayer Amschel Rothschild was born in 1744 while the US won independence from Britain in 1776.  These two episodes might be two of the most symbolic ones after the emergence and  achievements by Columbus, Martin Luther, and Copernicus around 1500.  Today, the Vatican is being humbled, though Judaists and the US are so prosperous and successful in various fields of today's global civilization.

But what about Muslims and Islam?





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Rev 9:15 And the four angels were loosed, which were prepared for an hour, and a day, and a month, and a year, for to slay the third part of men.
Rev 9:16 And the number of the army of the horsemen were two hundred thousand thousand: and I heard the number of them.
Rev 9:17 And thus I saw the horses in the vision, and them that sat on them, having breastplates of fire, and of jacinth, and brimstone: and the heads of the horses were as the heads of lions; and out of their mouths issued fire and smoke and brimstone.

"when they beheld him" - Solicitation of Blood on a Crossing

Around Tokyo

Solicitation of Blood on a Crossing

There was an old man standing on the street.

It was on a sidewalk on one of main crossings of busy streets in a busy commercial city around Tokyo.  He was not a fragile old man, but well tanned and showing strength for standing there with a sign for asking donation of blood for hours.

He wore a gray hat, half covering his tanned face.  His arms were also well tanned.  He was in a kind of a pale blue apron, suggesting he was not a puller-in of some shop but an irregular employee of Japanese Red Cross Society.

He held the blood-soliciting placard high with one hand to pedestrians.  While the traffic signal was red, ten or twenty people came and stood at the crossing on each side.  To them the old man presented the placard.  He seldom let down his arm with which he kept the placard, larger than an ordinary attache case, high.

I happened to be watching him till 6 p.m. for 10 minutes from a window in the second floor of a fast-food shop facing the crossing.  Then he greeted a man, looking 30 years old or so, who came out of a nearby building where Japanese Red Cross Society maintained a small branch office for collecting blood from citizens.  The man didn't wear a business suit but put on casual clothes.  He looked like going home as office hours were over.  But the 30-years looking man just returned a quick greeting back to the old man.

Then minutes after, another young man, also never looking like a medical staff but wearing a kind of T-shirt, came out of the building to talk to the old man.  The old man turned around and the two men went into the building.  It was before 6:10 p.m.

I don't know how Japanese Red Cross Society, a leading medical organization of Japan that runs many big hospitals all over Japan, justifies the way to ask citizens or pedestrians for donation of blood, using such an old man standing at a crossing of the street with a sign held high with his hand.

Then I left the seat near the window in the fast-food shop where I sat to take some food and cola in order to observe the crossing for some purpose.
        








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Mar 9:15 And straightway all the people, when they beheld him, were greatly amazed, and running to him saluted him.

"Make them sit down by fifties in a company" - Doctrine of Jewish Witness

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Doctrine of Jewish Witness

One book that had a critical influence on the fate of Judaists in the past is said to be The City of God written by Augustine in the fifth century:

De Civitate Dei (full title: De Civitate Dei contra Paganos, translated in English as The City of God Against the Pagans) or The City of God is a book of Christian philosophy written in Latin by Augustine of Hippo in the early 5th century AD. The book was in response to allegations that Christianity brought about the decline of Rome and is considered one of Augustine's most important works, standing alongside The Confessions, The Enchiridion, On Christian Doctrine, and On the Trinity. As a work of one of the most influential Church Fathers, The City of God is a cornerstone of Western thought, expounding on many profound questions of theology, such as the suffering of the righteous, the existence of evil, the conflict between free will and divine omniscience, and the doctrine of original sin.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_God_(book)

 In this book, the greatest scholar of the era Augustine mentioned Judaists in a kind of very sarcastic and hostile manner.  He claimed that Judaists should not be killed but allowed to live as a kind of witnesses of the glorious emergence of Christ Jesus.  As long as Judaists lived with the Old Testament, they would contribute to Christianity prevailing in pagan communities and every region in and around the Roman Empire, Augustine stressed.  According to Augustine, the Vatican should make the best use of existence of Judaists in its mission to convert heathens and pagans into Christianity by presenting Judaists as living evidence for the historical event of Christ Jesus' mission around Jerusalem in the first century.

St. Augustine

City of God

       But the Jews who slew Him, and would not believe in Him, because it behoved Him to die and rise again, were yet more miserably wasted by the Romans, and utterly rooted out from their kingdom, where aliens had already ruled over them, and were dispersed through the lands (so that indeed there is no place where they are not), and are thus by their own Scriptures a testimony to us that we have not forged the prophecies about Christ. And very many of them, considering this, even before His passion, but chiefly after His resurrection, believed on Him, of whom it was predicted, "Though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, the remnant shall be saved." [Isaiah 10:22 and Romans 9:27-28] But the rest are blinded, of whom it was predicted, "Let their table be made before them a trap, and a retribution, and a stumbling-block. Let their eyes be darkened lest they see, and bow down their back alway." [Psalm 69:22-23 and Romans 9:9-10] Therefore, when they do not believe our Scriptures, their own, which they blindly read, are fulfilled in them, lest perchance any one should say that the Christians have forged these prophecies about Christ which are quoted under the name of the sibyl, or of others, if such there be, who do not belong to the Jewish people. For us, indeed, those suffice which are quoted from the books of our enemies, to whom we make our acknowledgment, on account of this testimony which, in spite of themselves, they contribute by their possession of these books, while they themselves are dispersed among all nations, wherever the Church of Christ is spread abroad. For a prophecy about this thing was sent before in the Psalms, which they also read, where it is written, "My God, His mercy shall prevent me. My God hath shown me concerning mine enemies, that Thou shalt not slay them, lest they should at last forget Thy law: disperse them in Thy might."[Psalm 69:10-11] Therefore God has shown the Church in her enemies the Jews the grace of His compassion, since, as saith the apostle, "their offence is the salvation of the Gentiles."[Romans 11:11] And therefore He has not slain them, that is, He has not let the knowledge that they are Jews be lost in them, although they have been conquered by the Romans, lest they should forget the law of God, and their testimony should be of no avail in this matter of which we treat. But it was not enough that he should say, "Slay them not, lest they should at last forget Thy law," unless he had also added, "Disperse them;" because if they had only been in their own land with that testimony of the Scriptures, and not every where, certainly the Church which is everywhere could not have had them as witnesses among all nations to the prophecies which were sent before concerning Christ.
http://people.bu.edu/dklepper/RN470/augustine_jews.html  

Unwilling Witnesses: St. Augustine and the Witness Doctrine 

St. Augustine’s writing on Judaism was remarkably nuanced, deepening over the course of 30 years as his thoughts on scripture developed. His most lasting contribution to the topic was his “doctrine of Jewish witness,” often simply called “the witness doctrine,” which viewed the Jews not solely as “Christ-killers” to be condemned, but as a vital ingredient in the spread of Christianity. The doctrine came to be accepted by the Church, and informed subsequent order of protection by the Church for the lives of Jewish people.
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According to Augustine, this is part of God’s inscrutable justice: to make the Jews deaf and blind, for a time, so that the Gospel could spread.[34] "God's hardening of Israel was strategic, not punitive. And it was only temporary. As history rushes to its conclusion, and as the ‘full number’ of Gentiles comes to Christ, God will cease hardening 'part of Israel. . . . And so all Israel will be saved' (Romans 11:26). In the end, God has mercy on all (Romans 11:32)." 

There is dense layering of typology in all of this, out of which Augustine builds his unique image of the Jews. They are Cain the wanderer and fratricide, marked by their distinctly Jewish appearance and praxis and known for the “murder” of their brother, Jesus. Their “slavery” to the church comes from Noah’s curse of Ham, thus condemning them to “witness” to Christian truth by carrying the books that underlie the Gospel. The books themselves are the scripture, which are fulfilled in Christ and which they read without understanding.
http://www.patheos.com/blogs/godandthemachine/2013/08/st-augustine-and-the-jews/

If the Vatican still holds this theory as one of its leading principles, Judaists cannot be safe at all living in Europe and any other regions where the Vatican has an influence on people's minds and hearts.

It is even possible that the Vatican just though that the God was using Judaists in a special manner to further spread and deepen Christianity by handing them to Hitler and Nazis when millions of Europeans Judaists were being executed during and before WWII.

However, in reference to the above quotation,  Augustine seems to have believed that God should stop using Judaists as a means to spread Christianity when the world is filled with Christians.  Augustine thought that Judaists would be also saved by God eventually.  Nonetheless, the doctrine of Jewish witness seems to have been too influential in the Catholic world.  Especially, it is God that saves Judaists in the final stage of history but not the Vatican or Christians.  The Vatican can make an excuse for not saving poor Judaiats at any time.

But, it is a dangerous to blindly accept the doctrine of Jewish witness.  In fact, after the death of Augustine, God gave Islam to Arabs.  It is an act that is completely unnecessary in the paradigm of Christianity and the Vatican.  Could Augustine, if he had long lived to see the emergence of Islam, assure himself that God used Christianity in order to make it an underlying condition for establishing Islam?  Could Augustine accept the "doctrine of Christian witness?"

The correct answer must be that God uses Judaism, Christianity, and Islam only to show His omnipotence to mankind.  If Judaists cannot show good examples to the world, God would send His Son as Christ or the Messiah to the world.  If Christians cannot show good examples to Arabs and so on, he would give Islam to some tribes.  But, it is enough.  And the Last Judgment should fall on mankind.  This scenario sounds holier and more reasonable.

Yet, we can find one of the most influential doctrines against Judaists in Augustine's works.  So, we may need another doctrine to save everybody.

http://dioscg.org/wordpress/?p=3836




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Luk 9:14 For they were about five thousand men. And he said to his disciples, Make them sit down by fifties in a company.
Luk 9:15 And they did so, and made them all sit down.
Luk 9:16 Then he took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed them, and brake, and gave to the disciples to set before the multitude.